Moral, Social and Political Philosophy Essay

Moral, social and political philosophies are fields that share similarities with one another. The most basic and common characteristic found in all three fields is the role and significance of these fields in the manner by which human beings conduct intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships, with one’s self, with one another and with the community. Social, moral and political philosophies all act as important bedrocks or foundations of ideas humans use to guide their actions. Another similarity or common ground between these three fields is the presence of the examination of the human feelings as well as rational ideas necessary in the development of specific philosophies inside these three fields, even though in some aspects other factors are absent. For example, Immanuel Kant believes that moral philosophy should be without the consideration on human emotions (Gadamer, Weinsheimer, Marshall, 2004, p. 29). Without great thinkers who examined, assessed and concretized ideas based from human experiences, ideas and feelings, moral, social and political philosophies would not have existed in the first place. There are many other different similarities. Examples are how all three influence practice, tradition, norm, culture and values, how they all impact human life and later, history, and how all three fields evolve and change over time depending on perspectives introduced by new individuals, new thinking, new ideas and new perspectives. As for differences, one of the main differences when all three are compared is the specific focus inside which each philosophy works, is applied to, and allows the influence of. The use of moral philosophy – believed to be as one of the two oldest forms of philosophy (Fitzpatrick, 2008, p. 4) – in aspects dealing with moral issues hardly can make any considerations for the use of or relevance of either social or political philosophies. These are not the best and most suitable perspective to use. Ideas are also different. For example, what can be acceptable to political philosophy can be unacceptable to moral philosophy and vice versa. The focus of the two has the tendency to move towards different, if not altogether contrasting, paths. Justifications for beliefs and the use of sets of philosophical ideas and content can vary depending on what is being argued or debated upon and how these ideas are being used. Social, moral and political philosophies allow the individual to examine, look closely, investigate, assess and explain life. This is accomplished by these fields via the questions that they offer to the people to answer and explore the answers for themselves through the use of, or guidance, of these different fields of philosophy. The questions these fields of philosophy pose figure into a consideration of modern human life simply because these fields of philosophy exist to tackle, explain and to provide reasons for modern life. What these fields of philosophy creates as questions for humans to answer all point to man’s ability to examine human life, the modern life, consistently. For example, questions posed by moral philosophy figure into a consideration of modern life. Moral philosophy asks the human being how and why he or she is behaving as he or she does, giving them the trigger for self investigation. This can I justify how I act and why I act with regards to existing moral philosophy, or have I really deviated from it and is thus considered as bad? The questions they pose figure into a consideration of modern life simply because these fields of philosophy is all about life, life experiences and the resulting ideas from these life experiences in the first place. In the discussion of Smith and Haakonssen (2002) on moral philosophy, it explained that human beings may have the tendency to be confused especially in consideration with the different ideas past and present inside moral philosophy that can counter one another (Smith and Haakonssen, 2002, p. vii). This instance illustrates the idea that these fields of philosophy bring forward questions that allows people to examine life, including modern life, making these fields of philosophy and the questions they pose something that eventually figures into the consideration of the modern life. Scheppele (1988) noted that people asks for directions, not just literally but also for direction in life and for direction in their ideas and beliefs (Scheppele, 1988, p. 143). Since philosophies are not cast in stone, at times they provide answers in as much as they provide questions, at the same time, allow the individual to make a serious consideration of the present modern life, like how there are questions arising from how law and the social and moral philosophies. For example, getting in the way of one another during particular instances and how the individual can get away from or wriggle from it with sufficient sense of justification for such action. In the end, the effort at comparing and contrasting social, moral and political philosophy begs the answer to this question – is any one area more important than another? This is a tricky question. Even though the answer is most probably either yes or no, there are complex considerations why it is difficult to arrive at any one of the offered monosyllabic answers. To say that one is actually more important than the other is to say that the philosophical ideas of the superior one can supplant or totally override the ideas of the other, which cannot be consistently true. Philosophical arguments and the use of philosophy is always a case per case basis with focus on considerations as well as the aspect and context inside which the argument is found. For example, moral philosophy may be important than political or social philosophy. Moral philosophy governs the basic actions of man. However, if the base of argument leans more towards political considerations and with consideration to accepted political practices that may go against moral ideals, then moral philosophy cannot simply be considered as more important to political or social philosophy. The best possible answer is that all of these are equally important. Its importance should not be gauged and measured and compared with one another. How it is applied to life is a complex process that is hardly possible to quantify or measure to ascertain any indication of measurable importance that can be compared with one another. All of these are important because they help govern, and even make organized human life that is becoming more and more complex and complicated. References Fitzpatrick, T. (2008). Applied Ethics and social problems: moral questions of birth, society and death. Bristol: The Policy Press. Gadamer, H. G. , Weinsheimer, J. and Marshall, D. G. (2004). Truth and method. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. Schappele, K. L. (1988). Legal secrets: equality and efficiency in the common law. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Smith, A. and Haakonssen, K. (2002). The theory of moral sentiments. London: Cambridge University Press.

Communication Case Essay

Ethics Case 4-7 – Income Statement Presentation of Unusual Loss Requirement The Cranor Corporation suffered $10 million in expenses linked to a product recall. The company had endured product recalls in the past and they still occur in the business. To show revenue from continuing operations, Jim Dietz, the controller, wishes to describe the $10 million as an extraordinary loss, instead of an expense included in operating income. He states to the CEO that the company has never had a product recall of this size and that the corporation fixed the design flaw and improved quality control. The drawback is, in order for Jim to categorize the loss as an extraordinary item, he must view that the losses in the company’s financial statements are infrequent and unusual. He must also presume this event is not likely to occur again in the future profitability. (Spiceland, Sepe, & Nelson, 2013, p. 188) The Journal of Accountancy states that extraordinary items are gains and losses that are material, and result from events that are both unusual and infrequent. (Ext raordinary Items Share Exclusive Company , 2013) These criteria must be considered in light of the environment in which the entity operates. There obviously is a considerable degree of subjectivity involved in the determination. The concepts of unusual and infrequent require judgment. In making these judgments, an accountant should keep in mind the overall objective of the income statement. The key question is how the event relates to a firm’s future profitability. If it is judged that the event, because of its unusual nature and infrequency of occurrence, is not likely to occur again, separate reporting as an extraordinary item is warranted. The ethical dilemma faced by Jim Dietz and the company’s chief executive officer is that it appears from the facts of the case that it would be difficult for the company to come to the conclusion that a material product recall is not likely to occur again in the foreseeable future. This type of event has occurred before and is common in the industry. While a subjective judgment, extraordinary treatment of the $10 million does not appear warranted. Is the obligation of Jim and the CEO to maximize income from continuing operations, the company’s position on the stock market and management bonuses stronger than their obligation to fairly present  accounting information to the users of financial statements? If they decide to go with Jim’s suggestion, it would be misleading to the shareholders and creditors about the lost suffered. The misrepresenting of the stakeholders and money market would be sinful and display wickedness, while if the corporation is straightfor ward with the market and shareholders it will demonstrate moral values and show that the corporation is working in the best interest of the investors by not misleading them when it comes to losses. In Exodus 23:1-2 it speaks about bearing a false report. The New International Version states: â€Å"Do not spread false reports. Do not help a guilty person by being a malicious witness. Do not follow the crowd in doing wrong.† With Jim and the CEO being in a management position, they are required to perform many activities in running the entity in the best interest of stakeholders. Their duties include leading and directing an entity, including making important decisions concerning the acquisition, deployment and control of human financial, physical and intangible resources. They are supposed to take the charge for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance to the accounting policies. (Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, 2013) I think the Cranor Company should include the loss in their net income and continue with the product recall. Including the loss in their net income will show honesty to its stakeholders. They may not receive a bonus, but it is better for them to be honest than risk the consequences of lying about the loss. Leviticus 19:11 says, â€Å"Do not steal. Do not lie. Do not deceive one another. (The Quest Study Bible, New International Version, 1994) By seeing the scripture we can detect how this relates to accounting ethics. Leviticus 19:11 explains that that we are not to steal, and ultimately mislead others. When we associate this verse to this ethical dilemma it would describe Jim Dietz and the company chief executive officer of deceiving the stock market into thinking that the loss was truly an extraordinary item on income statement when in reality, they are misleading them to get a bonus. References The Quest Study Bible, New International Version. (1994). Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House. Extraordinary Items Share Exclusive Company . (2013, September 3). Retrieved from Journal of Accountancy: http://www.journalofaccountancy.com/Issues/2007/May/ExtraordinaryItemsShareExclusiveCompany.htm Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. (2013). New York: International Federation of Accountants. Spiceland, D., Sepe, J., & Nelson, M. (2013). Intermediate Accounting (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Impacts of College Freshmen Dropout Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Impacts of College Freshmen Dropout - Essay Example Graduation rates have become an important feature in the landscape of college reforms and within the larger world of educational policy. For decades, getting more students into college has been the top priority of America's higher education leaders. But Studies conducted over the past several years have repeatedly demonstrated that far fewer American students are completing high school with diplomas. A growing consensus has emerged that only about seven in 10 students are actually successfully finishing high school. Graduation rates are even lower among certain student populations, particularly racial and ethnic minorities and males. 57 percent of White students finish their degree, compared with 44 percent of Hispanics and 39 percent of Blacks (federal figures 2008). A quarter of schools have graduation gaps between Whites and Blacks of 20 points or more. (Education Trust 2004) In the first half of the 20th century, growth in high school graduation was the driving force behind increased college enrolments. The decline in high school graduation since 1970 (for cohorts born after 1950) has flattened college attendance and completion rates as well as growth in the skill level of the U.S. workforce. The origins of this dropout problem have yet to be fully investigated. The main purpose of this study is to conduct a research and understand what people think are the impacts of college freshmen dropouts on our educational system, on our economy and on our society. This report takes a descriptive approach to the issue of college completion, specifically, examining graduation rates in the U.S, the increase in college dropout rates and its reasons. The graduation rates are considerably lower in the nation's largest cities than they are in the average urban locale. Further, extreme disparities emerge in a number of the country's largest metropolitan areas. The increases in college dropout rates are very atrocious for us as a nation. Background In the '60s we saw college dropout rates of one in five. In the '90s this increased to one in three. Thirty percent of the college students leave in the first year (Department of Education 2000-2006). The number of college freshman dropouts is typically cited between 1 in 4 and 1 in 5, with some sources positing arguments that nearly half of all college students fail to graduate. The U.S only earns 17 degrees for every 100 students enrolled, which places it 16th internationally. Surveys of high school students show no lack of interest for a college degree, in fact 95% of high school students when asked about college indicated a very strong desire to complete a degree program. On the average, 1 in 4 students drop out of college their freshman year. The exact number varies widely from 1 or 2 percent at top 4 year private institutions to 50 or 60 percent at others. 2 year institutions have the worst drop out rates. For a few, it is a mismatch (the wrong location, too much snow, difficul t roommates, difficulty being away from home, culture clash, or change in career goals). For many others, it is a lack of preparation. Nearly half of entering college freshmen surveyed lack confidence in their math and science skills. 33% say they have

Strategic Analysis - Dunkin Brands Group, Inc Research Paper

Strategic Analysis - Dunkin Brands Group, Inc - Research Paper Example Strategic Analysis - Dunkin Brands Group, Inc The company needs to improve its liquidity position in order to avoid any certain liquidity crisis. Gross profit margin of the company has slightly decreased over the years and net profit margin of the company has improved over the years. It indicates that the effectiveness and efficiency of the company has improved in generating net profit out of its total sales revenue. Return on equity of the company has decreased over the year, which indicates the efficiency of the company has decreased in generating income out of its total equity. However, return on capital employed has increased over the years, which indicate that the company has generated more revenue out of its total capital employed as compared to the year 2012. Average settlement period for debtors has improved over the years, which indicate that the company is now efficient enough in collecting receivables from is debtors. Nevertheless, the average settlement period for creditors has decreased over the years, which indicat e that the company is delaying its payments to the creditors. Thus from the above analysis it can be said that the company needs to improve its liquidity ratio to meet the necessity of liquid funds. The profitability of the company is average and it can be improved by improving the gross profit margin and the return on equity. Apart from these, payment to creditors should be made quickly in order to improve the brand image among creditors and shareholders.

Analytical Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Analytical Report - Coursework Example Industry clusters provide favourable business environment for various types of business entities, including core businesses, supporting businesses, government structures, academic and research institutions, etc. Industry clusters facilitate collaboration among all these members and facilitates innovation within a cluster. Close proximity and direct communication increases trust among firms and commitment. Due to knowledge sharing environment companies gain competitive advantage and stay ahead of rivals, operating distantly. Moreover, while operating within one geographical location, firms are encouraged to collaborate with various players, starting from customers and suppliers, and ending with government and research institutions. As a result, many companies collaborate in terms of R&D, driving thus innovation performance within a cluster. This form of collaboration increases innovation performance and makes companies more competitive on the global market. National legislation and po licies play an important role in promoting collaboration and innovation within a specific cluster. Thus, major attributes of industrial clusters (knowledge sharing and collaboration) enable firms to develop long-term relationships with their business partners, and thus to establish more sustainable business model. Concentration of research institutions, universities, think tanks and other industry players facilitates innovation and development. As the research shows, all these aspects help nations to gain and maintain competitive advantages in the international arena. In the era of globalisation, improved logistics and communication, it may appear that geographical location plays less important role in competitive position of a nation or a country. There are practically no more physical constraints imposed by distance factor as companies may source, supply and provide services/sell products distantly (Porter, 1998). However, there is another tendency, which challenges this position,

Dealing with academic challenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dealing with academic challenge - Essay Example The students feel that their peer of the dominant culture has greater experience in all or most things. Consequently, the fresh students may be reluctant to communicate their contrary opinions and may be influenced in accepting offered opinions by the other students, supervisors, or tutors. Self-concept into autonomy (Carr, 2013) is however a solution to this problem and requires input from different stakeholders such as the freshman international students, their classmates, their teachers, and their parents and family. Even though discussing the concept from a more specific perspective, Conradi (2014) explains the role of self-concept in motivation. The belief in oneself is likely to help a student confront divergent views for a better understanding of course concepts. Even when in doubt, a foreign and freshman student is able to overcome cultural limitations such as language barrier and to express opinions on learnt concepts for correcting wrong opinions from others and for facilit ating correction of personal opinions that may be wrong. Consequently foreign and freshman students should receive necessary support for developing positive self-concept towards active participation in class discussion and assertiveness in arguments for learning purposes. Teachers play an important role in creating a favorable environment for self-concept through mediation. Motivation from parents and support from peer are other factors to the role of self-concept in facilitating confidence in expressions and autonomy in learning. Interpersonal relationships with fellow students from either the dominant culture or those with experience in the culture as well as relationships with academic professionals are another solution to challenges that freshman international students face. Such associations are likely to expose a new student to academic challenges and possible solutions and therefore aid

Our bodies our politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Our bodies our politics - Essay Example Another article written by Rebecca Chalker examines this issue in its specific aspect, namely in terms of knowledge and understanding of the female sexuality and female genitalia. The author concludes that women around the world do not have enough knowledge about their sexuality and the structural features of their female reproductive system. In turn, in her article, Emily Martin conducts an even deeper analysis of the problem. This allows her to come to the conclusion that modern notions of masculinity and femininity have an impact on scientists ideas about the features of the reproductive functions of men and women. In particular, Martin points out that science considers the process of menstruation as a phenomenon, which marks the death of the female eggs (failed production), while the process of maturation of sperm is being evaluated solely from the positive point of view as a surprising phenomenon that allows men to produce millions of spermatozoons. Finally, the value of the vid eo from Betty Dodson is that it provides an opportunity for all women to obtain important information about the structure of their genitals, namely the internal clitoris. In addition, the value of a given video is also in the fact that Betty draws attention to the fact that â€Å"that women get erections just like men.† This information allows all women to improve their sexual experience and make their sexual pleasure more diverse. As one can see, the main reason for the problems identified in all of these articles is related to gender stereotypes that continue existing in modern culture and science. Femininity is seen as a phenomenon associated with such qualities as weakness, passivity and inertia. For this reason, masculinity presupposes the rejection of any characteristics that suggest its association with femininity. In science, this has led to the fact that the features of female

South Dakota Higher Education Funding Policy Essay

South Dakota Higher Education Funding Policy - Essay Example The State of South Dakota should enact a better higher education funding policy to enable more students to enroll in local colleges and Universities. Hook: Did you know, for three years running (2009-2011), the State of South Dakota were fourth from the bottom in graduate school enrollments nationwide? Moreover, out of 26 higher education institutions, only eleven are public schools. Introduction I.  There is a dire need for financial support in most of the public schools in South Dakota due to a shortage in state funding (Pullman, par. 4). II.  The State of South Dakota should enact a better higher education funding policy to enable more students to enroll in local colleges and Universities. Indictment  Ã‚   I. The number of students enrolling into universities in South Dakota has reduced  significantly due to the current higher education funding policy.  Ã‚   A. According to Joy Smolnisky (2013), the State of South Dakota has consistently lagged behind in terms of per-student funding for education compared to surrounding states’ and national average.

Executive Summaary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Executive Summaary - Essay Example Kelly is the original developer of product and felt that given the time and circumstances, it couldn’t be done. The higher management on the other hand is also asking for operations to be optimized but Kelly insists that it is not possible right now. The case presents conflicting views and arguments of the big wigs of the company. While there are no proper plans in place for developing new products at Acu, the CEO of the company is also worried about another company getting away with the market share to a new scanner. He insists on using it in retail stores so that they can get customer feedback regarding what customers want and need. Recommendations and Conclusion: The most appropriate of all suggestions came in from Clif and they should be executed. Business is all about risk. Even if this is not the time to develop a new product, there is no harm in devising a strategy, an effective one and implementing the product. The money needed for the update can be obtained by equity or bond funding. Optimization of processes should be on the backburner while all focus should be on developing the new product to revamp and resurrect lost sales. All other extraneous expenditures should be cut down in the meanwhile to support the development of the new product.

Aphasia Essay Example for Free

Aphasia Essay The terms ‘jargon aphasia’ and ‘jargon agraphia’ describe the production of incomprehensible language containing frequent phonological, semantic or neologistic errors in speech and writing, respectively. Here we describe two patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) who produced neologistic jargon either in speech or writing. We suggest that involvement of the posterior superior temporal–inferior parietal region may lead to a disconnection between stored lexical representations and language output pathways leading to aberrant activation of phonemes in neologistic jargon. Parietal lobe involvement is relatively unusual in PPA, perhaps accounting for the comparative rarity of jargon early in the course of these diseases. Aphasia is a communication disorder. Its a result of damage or injury to language parts of the brain. And its more common in older adults, particularly those who have had a stroke. Aphasia gets in the way of a persons ability to use or understand words. Aphasia does not impair the persons intelligence. People who have aphasia may have difficulty speaking and finding the right words to complete their thoughts. They may also have problems understanding conversation, reading and comprehending written words, writing words, and using numbers What Causes Aphasia? Aphasia is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury with damage to one or more parts of the brain that deal with language. According to the National Aphasia Association, about 25% to 40% of people who survive a stroke get aphasia. Aphasia may also be caused by a brain tumor, brain infection, or dementia such as Alzheimers disease. In some cases, aphasia is a symptom of epilepsy or other neurological disorder. What Are the Types of Aphasia? There are types of aphasia. Each type can cause impairment that varies from mild to severe. Common types of aphasia include the following: * Expressive aphasia (non-fluent): With expressive aphasia, the person knows what he or she wants to say yet has difficulty communicating it to others. It doesnt matter whether the person is trying to say or write what he or she is trying to communicate. Receptive aphasia (fluent): With receptive aphasia, the person can hear a voice or read the print, but may not understand the meaning of the message. Oftentimes, someone with receptive aphasia takes language literally. Their own speech may be disturbed because they do not understand their own language. * Anomic aphasia. With anomic aphasia, the person has word-finding difficulties. This is called anomia. Because of the difficulties, the person struggles to find the right words for speaking and writing. * Global aphasia. This is the most severe type of aphasia. It is often seen right after someone has a stroke. With global aphasia, the person has difficulty speaking and understanding words. In addition, the person is unable to read or write. * Primary progressive aphasia. Primary progressive aphasia is a rare disorder where people slowly lose their ability to talk, read, write, and comprehend what they hear in conversation over a period of time. With a stroke, aphasia may improve with proper therapy. There is no treatment to reverse primary progressive aphasia. People with primary progressive aphasia are able to communicate in ways other than speech. For instance, they might use gestures. And many benefit from a combination of speech therapy and medications. Aphasia may be mild or severe. With mild aphasia, the person may be able to converse yet have trouble finding the right word or understanding complex conversations. Severe aphasia limits the persons ability to communicate. The person may say little and may not participate in or understand any conversation.

Simple Robots and Microprocessors

Simple Robots and Microprocessors I. Introduction A robot is a virtual or mechanical artificial agent. In practice, it is usually an electro-mechanical machine which is guided by computer or electronic programming, and is thus able to do tasks on its own. Another common characteristic is that by its appearance or movements, a robot often conveys a sense that it has intent or agency of its own. While A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a central processing unit (CPU)on a single integrated circuit (IC). II. Microprocessor A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit (IC)The first microprocessors emerged in the early 1970s and were used for electronic calculators, using binary-coded decimal (BCD) arithmetic on 4-bit words. Other embedded uses of 4- and 8-bit microprocessors, such as terminals, printers, various kinds of automation etc, followed rather quickly. Affordable 8-bit microprocessors with 16-bit addressing also led to the first general purpose microcomputers in the mid-1970s Computer processors were for a long period constructed out of small and medium-scale ICs containing the equivalent of a few to a few hundred transistors. The integration of the whole CPU onto a single chip therefore greatly reduced the cost of processing capacity. From their humble beginnings, continued increases in microprocessor capacity have rendered other forms of computers almost completely obsolete (see history of computing hardware), with one or more microprocessor as processing element in everything from the smallest embedded systems and handheld devices to the largest mainframes and supercomputers. III. When It Comes Into Existance: It is interesting to note thatthe microprocessorhad existed for only 10 years prior to the creation of the PC. Intel inventedthe microprocessorin 1971; the PC was created by IBM in 1981. Now more than 20 years later, we are still using systems based more or less on the design of that first PC. The processors powering our PCs today are still backward compatible in many ways with the 8088 that IBM selected for the first PC in 1981. November 15, 2001 marked the 30th anniversary ofthe microprocessor, and in those 30 years processor speed has increased more than 18,500 times (from 0.108MHz to 2GHz).The 4004 was introduced on November 15, 1971 and originally ran at a clock speed of 108KHz (108,000 cycles per second, or just over one-tenth a megahertz). The 4004 contained 2,300 transistors and was built on a 10-micron process. This means that each line, trace, or transistor could be spaced about 10 microns (millionths of a meter) apart. Data was transferred 4 bits at a time, and the maximum addressable memory was only 640 bytes. The 4004 was designed for use in a calculator but proved to be useful for many other functions because of its inherent programmability. For example, the 4004 was used in traffic light controllers, blood analyzers, and even in the NASA Pioneer 10 deep space probe! In April 1972, Intel released the 8008 processor, which originally ran at a clock speed of 200KHz (0.2MHz). The 8008 processor contained 3,500 transistors and was built on the same 10-micron process as the previous processor. The big change in the 8008 was that it had an 8-bit data bus, which meant it could move data 8 bits at a timetwice as much as the previous chip. It could also address more memory, up to 16KB. This chip was primarily used in dumb terminals and general-purpose calculators. The next chip in the lineup was the 8080, introduced in April 1974, running at a clock rate of 2MHz. Due mostly to the faster clock rate, the 8080 processor had 10 times the performance of the 8008. The 8080 chip contained 6,000 transistors and was built on a 6-micron process. Similar to the previous chip, the 8080 had an 8-bit data bus, so it could transfer 8 bits of data at a time. The 8080 could address up to 64KB of memory, significantly more than the previous chip. It was the 8080 that helped start the PC revolution because this was the processor chip used in what is generally regarded as the first personal computer, the Altair 8800. The CP/M operating system was written for the 8080 chip, and Microsoft was founded and delivered its first product: Microsoft BASIC for the Altair. These initial tools provided the foundation for a revolution in software because thousands of programs were written to run on this platform. In fact, the 8080 became so popular that it was cloned. A company called Zilog formed in late 1975, joined by several ex-Intel 8080 engineers. In July 1976, it released the Z-80 processor, which was a vastly improved version of the 8080. It was not pin compatible but instead combined functions such as the memory interface and RAM refresh circuitry, which enabled cheaper and simpler systems to be designed. The Z-80 also incorporated a superset of 8080 instructions, meaning it could run all 8080 programs. It also included new instructions and new internal registers, so software designed for the Z-80 would not necessarily run on the older 8080. The Z-80 ran initially at 2.5MHz (later versions ran up to 10MHz) and contained 8,500 transistors. The Z-80 could access 64KB of memory. RadioShack selected the Z-80 for the TRS-80 Model 1, its first PC. The chip also was the first to be used by many pioneering systems, including the Osborne and Kaypro machines. Other companies followed, and soon the Z-80 was the standard processor for systems running the CP/M operating system and the popular software of the day. Intel released the 8085, its follow-up to the 8080, in March 1976. Even though it predated the Z-80 by several months, it never achieved the popularity of the Z-80 in personal computer systems. It was popular as an embedded controller, finding use in scales and other computerized equipment. The 8085 ran at 5MHz and contained 6,500 transistors. It was built on a 3-micron process and incorporated an 8-bit data bus. Along different architectural lines, MOS Technologies introduced the 6502 in 1976. This chip was designed by several ex-Motorola engineers who had worked on Motorolas first processor, the 6800. The 6502 was an 8-bit processor like the 8080, but it sold for around $25, whereas the 8080 cost about $300 when it was introduced. The price appealed to Steve Wozniak, who placed the chip in his Apple I and Apple II designs. The chip was also used in systems by Commodore and other system manufacturers. The 6502 and its successors were also used in game consoles, including the originalNintendo Entertainment System(NES) among others. Motorola went on to create the 68000 series, which became the basis for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. All these previous chips set the stage for the first PC processors. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. The 8086 chip brought with it the original x86 instruction set that is still present in current x86-compatible chips such as the Pentium 4 and AMD Athlon. A dramatic improvement over the previous chips, the 8086 was a full 16-bit design with 16-bit internal registers and a 16-bit data bus. This meant that it could work on 16-bit numbers and data internally and also transfer 16 bits at a time in and out of the chip. The 8086 contained 29,000 transistors and initially ran at up to 5MHz. The chip also used 20-bit addressing, so it could directly address up to 1MB of memory. Although not directly backward compatible with the 8080, the 8086 instructions and language were very similar and enabled older programs to quickly be ported over to run. This later proved important to help jumpstart the PC software revolution with recycled CP/M (8080) software. Although the 8086 was a great chip, it was expensive at the time and more importantly required expensive 16-bit board designs and infrastructure to support it. To help bring costs down, in 1979 Intel released what some called a crippled version of the 8086 called the 8088. The 8088 processor used the same internal core as the 8086, had the same 16-bit registers, and could address the same 1MB of memory, but the external data bus was reduced to 8 bits. This enabled support chips from the older 8-bit 8085 to be used, and far less expensive boards and systems could be made. These reasons are why IBM chose the 8088 instead of the 8086 for the first PC. IV. Simple Robots The International Organization for Standardization gives a definition of robot in ISO 8373: an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications. The Robotics Institute of America (RIA) uses a broader definition: a robot is a re-programmable multi-functional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, a robot is any automatically operated machine that replaces human effort, though it may not resemble human beings in appearance or perform functions in a humanlike manner Merriam-Webster describes a robot as a machine that looks like a human being and performs various complex acts (as walking or talking) of a human being, or a device that automatically performs complicated often repetitive tasks, or a mechanism guided by automatic controls. V. Line Follower Robot As Simple Robot I have taken the example of line follower robot as the simple robot and is shown in fig Line follower robot is an autonomous mobile robot that can follow a path. The path can be a white pah on a black surface or a black path on a white surface. Line follower robots are usually entertainment hobby robots. However, they can be improved and used in industry in order to carry some loads on a definite path or in markets and cafes for similar purposes. The important point of building a line follower robot is a good control that is sufficient to follow the path as fast as possible A. The circuit All we need is an IR source, an IR photo-transistor and a couple of resistors! Here are the resources: IR emitters and detector pairs: UK Maplins,CH10L and CH11M, or SFH409 and SFH309. Obviously the line following robot will need to see the line, therefore we require an light detector of some sort. We also would like it if the line following robot could do this regardless of the ambient conditions (is the room dark or light? is it lit by sunlight or artificial light?). So the robot will also need its own illumination source. The weapon of choice here will be Infra Red light. To make this easy for ourselves the light only needs to be constant. if a white line is present then it will reflect a lot of IR from our source. If the line is black then we see the opposite effect. IR emmiters and detector pairs: US Solarbotics QRD1114 (this has both in one package) On top of these, it would be nice if the signal that we get could be TTL (on or off, 0V, 5V). So to do this we will also require our favourite BEAM chip, the 74AC240, heres the circuit: Circuit operation is simple. no line to follow put the input to the inverter high, and therefore the inverter outputs a low, line detection turns on the transistor (or photodiode) and thus the inverter gets a low and outputs a high. If your robot is following a black line on a white page, then add another invereter after or before the first. So what should the values for R1 and R2 be? and how do I set up the 74AC240 chip exactly.. The value for R1 affects the source IR brightness, for maximum brightness we set R1 to give the maximum allowable forward current for the IR led. The chip setup is simple too ground pins 1, 10 and 19, put 5V onto pin 20. Now choose a pin to input your signal to, if you look at the74AC240 datasheeton page 1, you will see a connection diagram, any pin with an I is an input, follow it across to find its output. Pins 1 and 19 are the enable pins, which we have grounded to permanently enable the inputs on both side of the chip, this leaves you free to use any of the input pins. For example (in case I havent spelt it out enough already) input your signal at pin 4 and take the ouput from pin 16. The output signal could be used to directly drive your motor just connect one side of the motor to the ouput, and the other side to ground. If you do this for two motors (2 sets of line detectors will require two sets of emitters and detectors, but only one 74AC240 chip), then you have a basic line follower already. The left detector should be used to drive the right motor and vice versa .The behaviour of this robot as it stands will be too turn a motor on IF a line is present, if both detectors are over the line then it will drive straight, if the left detector goes of the line, it will turn off the right motor causing the robot to turn back onto the line, if the right detector goes off the line then it will turn off the left motor and again go back onto the line. If both detectors come off the line (end of line) then the robot will stop altogether Electronic VI. Microprocessor And Simple Robotics I have taken the example of line follower for simple robot. As shown in the fig. it consists of three units i.e. input, control, and output unit The control unit comprises of microprocessor. The function of all the units is given below: A. Input unit Input units consist of the sensors that detect the white path on black surface or the black path on white surface. QRD1114 IR reflective line/object sensor and CNY70 reflective optical sensor are the most commonly used sensors for line follower robots. The CNY70 is a reflective sensor that includes an infrared emitter and phototransistor in a leaded package which blocks visible light. The emitted IR of CNY70 reflects on the surface back to the phototransistor part and affects the base of the phototransistor. The black or white colour of the IR reflection surface causes different analog signals on the output of CNY70. To convert the analog output signals of CNY70 into digital signals in order to transport them to the microprocessor, 74HC14 Schmitt Triger can be used. When CNY70 sensor detects white, the analog signal is 5 V and 74HC14 converts it into logic 1. When CNY70 sensor detects black, the analog signal is 0 V and 74HC14 converts it into logic 0. The QRD1113/14 reflective sensor consists of an infrared emitting diode and an NPN silicon photodarlington mounted side by side in a black plastic housing. The on-axis radiation of the emitter and the on-axis response of the detector are both perpendicular to the face of the QRD1113/14. The photodarlington responds to radiation emitted from the diode only when a reflective object or surface is in the field of view of the detector. B. Output unit: For a line follower robot two dc geared motors are enough. The motor driver circuit can be prepared by using darlington transistor on a H bridge motor driver circuit or by using an integrated motor driver circuit like L293D or L298. The diagram shows the driving of the motors. C. Microprocessor as control unit The control unit is the microprocessor part of the robot. The microprocessor, also known as the central processing unit (CPU), is essentially what makes a computer work. The microprocessor forms the heart of the computer, along with the memory. The balance of the computer keyboard, monitor and mouse is known as peripherals. While peripherals are important for users to be able to work with a computer, they are useless without a functioning microprocessor. Same is the case in case of robotics. There will be no use of input and output unit until microprocessor is not there ac control unit. As in case of computer it takes input control the execution of instruction similarly in Line Follower the microprocessor takes the input signals from the sensors, use them in its program and make decision of the next movement of the line follower robot to follow the path. The output signals are transferred to the motor driver parts of robot. The most commonly used microprocessors are the pic microprocessors produced by microchip. VII. Application Software control of the line type (dark or light) to make automatic detection possible. â€Å"Obstacle detecting sensors† to avoid physical obstacles and continue on the line. Distance sensing and position logging transmission Industrial automated equipment carriers Automated cars. Tour guides in museums and other similar applications. Second wave robotic reconnaissance operations. VIII. Recent Discovery In Robotics Till now we were trying to discover the robots which can help the human being in different ways like in medical science in industries, in defence etc. But now robot has become itself scientist. Recently in April 2009 the Robot Scientist has discovered its first discovery. Now ADAM is the first robot—but maybe not the last—to have independently discovered new scientific information, according to scientists who recently built themselves the mechanical colleague. So in future scope of robotics is quite bright. IX. Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor http://eces.colorado.edu/~prasadae/LFR http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/04/090402-robot-scientists.html http://www.robotiksistem.com/linefollower.html

Modern and Classic Examples of Chaos :: essays research papers

The Crucible by Arthur Miller was set in one of the most chaotic times in American history but not the last. In the 1950’s a similar haze of disarray fell on the people of America, in a period referred to as The Great American Red Scare. Like in The Crucible many were pressed and pressured to give names of the involved, whether it be witchcraft or â€Å"communist dealings†. Even highly respected of both societies were tried for a mere mentioning of there name. Then those who wouldn’t admit to the crime of which they were accused they were thrown in jail. In The Crucible Tituba and the girls were so afraid that they will be punished severely by the church that they start to give the names of people they "supposedly" saw with the Devil. In actuality, they may not have even seen any of these people with the Devil. But, it is their fear of the church's retribution that persuades them to give these names. And because they give these names, chaos in the town breaks out and all of the people are called in for questioning about whether or not they have â€Å"made compacts with the Devil.† During the Red Scare members or former of the American communist party were questioned and threatened til they gave names of other members and so forth, just as with the girls calling out names. In the 1950’s those who were merely refer to in a trial were brought in for questioning for un-American activities. The government was so afraid of the communist over throwing the government they took extreme measures to secure the nation. There was no such security, it sparked fear and caused chaos through the nation. Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse were arrested after the girls cried out in The Crucible. These two women are highly respected throughout the town. However, it only took the mentioning of their names for Danforth to think badly about them, and even go so far as to arrest them. Many people know that these two women are church-going, up-right women. This depicts the fear and chaos that has broken out in Salem. People are being arrested that should not be. In the second act of The Crucible, Giles refuses to give the name of the person who told him that Putnam is accusing people so that he can get their land. Modern and Classic Examples of Chaos :: essays research papers The Crucible by Arthur Miller was set in one of the most chaotic times in American history but not the last. In the 1950’s a similar haze of disarray fell on the people of America, in a period referred to as The Great American Red Scare. Like in The Crucible many were pressed and pressured to give names of the involved, whether it be witchcraft or â€Å"communist dealings†. Even highly respected of both societies were tried for a mere mentioning of there name. Then those who wouldn’t admit to the crime of which they were accused they were thrown in jail. In The Crucible Tituba and the girls were so afraid that they will be punished severely by the church that they start to give the names of people they "supposedly" saw with the Devil. In actuality, they may not have even seen any of these people with the Devil. But, it is their fear of the church's retribution that persuades them to give these names. And because they give these names, chaos in the town breaks out and all of the people are called in for questioning about whether or not they have â€Å"made compacts with the Devil.† During the Red Scare members or former of the American communist party were questioned and threatened til they gave names of other members and so forth, just as with the girls calling out names. In the 1950’s those who were merely refer to in a trial were brought in for questioning for un-American activities. The government was so afraid of the communist over throwing the government they took extreme measures to secure the nation. There was no such security, it sparked fear and caused chaos through the nation. Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse were arrested after the girls cried out in The Crucible. These two women are highly respected throughout the town. However, it only took the mentioning of their names for Danforth to think badly about them, and even go so far as to arrest them. Many people know that these two women are church-going, up-right women. This depicts the fear and chaos that has broken out in Salem. People are being arrested that should not be. In the second act of The Crucible, Giles refuses to give the name of the person who told him that Putnam is accusing people so that he can get their land.

The Bedroom in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman :: The Yellow Wallpaper Essays

The Yellow Wallpaper:   The Bedroom   The bedroom is an overvalued fetish object that nevertheless threatens to reveal what it covers over. John's time is spent formulating the bedroom in a way that conceals his associations of anxiety and desire with the female body, but also re-introduces them. The bedroom's exterior, its surface, and its outer system of locks, mask a hidden interior that presumably contains a mystery--and a dangerous one. The bedroom in "The Yellow Wallpaper" generates this tension between the desire to know and the fear of knowing: on one hand, the enigma of the bedroom invites curiosity and beckons us towards discovery; on the other hand, its over- determined organization is seated within a firm resolution to build up the bedroom, so that what it hides remains unrealized. Mulvey writes, "Out of this series of turning away, of covering over, not the eyes but understanding, of looking fixidly at any object that holds the gaze, female sexuality is bound to remain a mystery" ("Pandora" 70).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This mystery-bound-to-remain-a-mystery is exposed when the (voyeuristic) subject and the (fetishistic) object exchange places. At the story's close, the narrator is determined to "astonish" John. "I don't want to go out," she writes, "and I don't want to have anybody come in, till John comes. I want to astonish him" (Gilman 34). John comes home to find that she has "locked the door and thrown the key down into the front path" (Gilman 34). 'John dear!' said I in the gentlest voice, 'the key is down by the front steps, under a plantain leaf!' That silenced him for a few moments. Then he said--very quietly indeed, 'Open the door, my darling!' 'I can't,' said I. 'The key is down by the front door under a plantain leaf!' And then I said it again, several times, very gently and slowly, and said it so often that he had to go and see, and he got it of course, and came in. He stopped short by the door. 'What's the matter?' he cried. 'For God's sake, what are you doing!' I kept on creeping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder. 'I've got out at last,' said I, 'in spite of you and Jane. And I've pulled off most of the paper, so you can't put me back!' Now why should that man have fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time! (Gilman 36) The Bedroom in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman :: The Yellow Wallpaper Essays The Yellow Wallpaper:   The Bedroom   The bedroom is an overvalued fetish object that nevertheless threatens to reveal what it covers over. John's time is spent formulating the bedroom in a way that conceals his associations of anxiety and desire with the female body, but also re-introduces them. The bedroom's exterior, its surface, and its outer system of locks, mask a hidden interior that presumably contains a mystery--and a dangerous one. The bedroom in "The Yellow Wallpaper" generates this tension between the desire to know and the fear of knowing: on one hand, the enigma of the bedroom invites curiosity and beckons us towards discovery; on the other hand, its over- determined organization is seated within a firm resolution to build up the bedroom, so that what it hides remains unrealized. Mulvey writes, "Out of this series of turning away, of covering over, not the eyes but understanding, of looking fixidly at any object that holds the gaze, female sexuality is bound to remain a mystery" ("Pandora" 70).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This mystery-bound-to-remain-a-mystery is exposed when the (voyeuristic) subject and the (fetishistic) object exchange places. At the story's close, the narrator is determined to "astonish" John. "I don't want to go out," she writes, "and I don't want to have anybody come in, till John comes. I want to astonish him" (Gilman 34). John comes home to find that she has "locked the door and thrown the key down into the front path" (Gilman 34). 'John dear!' said I in the gentlest voice, 'the key is down by the front steps, under a plantain leaf!' That silenced him for a few moments. Then he said--very quietly indeed, 'Open the door, my darling!' 'I can't,' said I. 'The key is down by the front door under a plantain leaf!' And then I said it again, several times, very gently and slowly, and said it so often that he had to go and see, and he got it of course, and came in. He stopped short by the door. 'What's the matter?' he cried. 'For God's sake, what are you doing!' I kept on creeping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder. 'I've got out at last,' said I, 'in spite of you and Jane. And I've pulled off most of the paper, so you can't put me back!' Now why should that man have fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time! (Gilman 36)

Indigenous Art History and the Education System Essay -- Indigenous Ar

â€Å"His Buffalo and horses are always in motion--they're running for their lives. They can't be caught. That's real freedom†(Lee). In the American educational system the curriculum is supposedly designed to enrich the hearts and minds of all the students who wish to become enriched. Professional educators throughout western civilization compose their contributions as to what is considered to be in the best interests of the students. However, some oversights have been made apparent. The history of Indigenous American Art has been ignored, for too long, at the expense of the students who happen to be the descendants of the first peoples of this continent. Furthermore these students also happen to be the majority within the Los Angeles Unified School District; whether these students are of American, Canadian, Mexican, or Central American ethnicity they almost always have one thing in common, the indigenous blood that runs through their veins. Science has established that environment greatly influences behavior, whether that environment is a classroom, a home, or the American Continent. Subsequently, this continent is reflected within the hearts and minds of its people, and inevitably in our artistic expression. We the first people of this continent have existed here for thousands of years before the western civilization stumbled its way to this side of the planet. Indigenous American Art and its history play a vital part in our facet of the human experience. What's more, it is fundamental for fulfilling our potential and responsibilities as human beings. In addition to the contribution to our collective psyche, indigenous art is a historical and anthropological timeline of natural and supernatural phenomena. It is apparent that ... ...de as we all account for each other and ourselves with clear wisdom and responsibility before creation. Works Cited Gangel-Vasquez, Janice. â€Å"Re: Native Art History II†. Email to the author. 17 August. 2003. Lee, Jeff and Donna Hand. â€Å"2 dimensional Art-Ed Defender†. Trophies of Honor. 9 Aug. 2003. www.msstate.edu/Fineart_O...troph1.htm Martà ­n del Campo, Edgar. â€Å"Mesoamerican Deities†. Edgar†s Mesoamerican art page. 7 Oct. 1996. 9 Aug. 2003. members.aol.com/emdelcamp/edgar2.htm McMaster, Gerald R. â€Å"Towards an Aboriginal Art History†. Native American Art in the Twentieth Century. Ed. W. Jackson Rushing III. New York. Routledge. 1999. 81-96. Moreno, Lisa M. â€Å"RudyResponse†. E-mail to author. 15 Aug. 2003. Surrounded by beauty: History and Culture. 9 Aug. 2003. The Minneapolis Institute of Arts. www. Artsmia.org/surrounded-bybeauty/history_culture.html

Fast Fit Case Study

1. FastFit Case Study FastFit Sporting Goods is a successful New England regional supplier of sporting goods to the high end consumer market. They sell an exclusive selection of equipment and apparel to men and women who exercise and pursue outdoor activities on a regular basis. They operate five (5) upscale retail stores in the New England market that offer a high level of customer attention, with a headquarters (HQ) is in Burlington, Massachusetts, and a single warehouse, distribution, and eCommerce fulfillment center in Haverhill, Massachusetts.Most of their products are purchased from two suppliers, Winter Gear Distributers outside of Providence, Rhode Island, and Boston Fitness Supplies in Marlboro, Massachusetts. FastFit has expanded successfully in the New England area over the past five years. However to expand nationally as a major retailer, they need to improve the scalability of their operations (stores and warehouses). A key part of their strategy is to leverage informati on systems to automate and improve operations, to strengthen management controls, and to enable significant growth while maintaining the â€Å"high touch† customer experience.A diagram of their complete non-Web based operations follows. See figure 1. [pic] Figure 1: A Schematic diagram of FastFit Sporting Goods Operations The Initial Set of Case Study Questions The simple system diagram below may be used to answer the following questions. The questions should be answered using your common sense and knowledge of retail processes because we have all bought things at a store. Be specific about the items of information, where they are captured, stored and used.How the information flows or is moved within FastFit may be shown by the student adding labeled arrows added to the diagram below. See figure 2. Figure 2: Starting Point for a System Diagram of FastFit Business Information Flows A General Question 1. Mark the main flows of goods and money in the diagram (above). Use single headed arrows and employ a key or table of descriptive elements to explain your answer. Customer Questions (focus on the customer and FastFit process flows, i. e. the front end of the diagram) 2. ) List the specific items of information that are usually gathered at the POS (Point of Sale terminal or cash register) and recorded when a customer checks out (excluding obtaining the identity of the customer which is covered in Q3)? b) What are three important uses of this information at the store by the store manager and by headquarters management – a total of six uses? 3. a) What are some ways to obtain the identity of the customer at the POS and to associate this â€Å"identity† with more detailed information about the customer? b) What business actions could FastFit then take based upon this additional information? . Assume HQ is responsible for replenishing inventory at the stores. a) What information is needed and how is it used to decide what to send to each store? b) Where does the information come from? c) Why didn’t we have each store decide what to order from the warehouse? Supplier Questions (focus on the FastFit and Supplier process flows, i. e. the back end of the diagram) 5. a) Draw a system diagram that shows the key information and product flows between FastFit (HQ and Warehouse) and a supplier, including the steps for ordering and invoicing and label each flow descriptively.This diagram will have three circles. b) Compare your drawing with the diagram showing the flows between the customer and the store and explain why the former is more complicated. 6. Assume that FastFit headquarters receives and pays invoices from suppliers. a) How do they decide whether to pay and how much to pay? b) From where do they get the information to make this decision? eCommerce Set of Case Study Questions 7. Describe three geographic locations from which customers can submit orders and any information technology components customers would need (on their end) to accomplish this ordering activity. Location |Information Technology Component | |Home |Server | | |Desktop | | |Laptop | | |Routers | | |Web Server Application | |Road / Anywhere |Smart Phones | | |Web | |Work |Laptops | |School |Routers | | |Web Server Application | 8. a) Describe the information technology components FastFit needs to interact with customers on the web. [Hint: Locate a detailed explanation of e-commerce system platforms in the course textbook and/or web search. ] b) At what geographic location within FastFit would you place these information technology components and why? a) |IT components | |Application providers for the purchase and sale of goods |Software applications | | |Web software | | |Security software | | |Database | |Technology infrastructure providers that enables e-commerce |Routers | | |Storages | | |Servers (web and commerce) | | |Data centers | | |Hardware | | |Networks | from MD PowerPoint session 20 9. FastF it is planning to invest significantly in its e-commerce platform to increase online ordering. Describe three technology features/capabilities that should be included in the platform and provide business justifications for each feature. |Technology feature/capability |Description |Business Justification | |Browser |Program that a user uses to interact with web|Users have access to the Business from | | |servers on the internet |anywhere.Increase costumer contact with | | | |store. | | | |Improve operations by making store more | | | |accessible to customer. | |Web Server |Program that communicates with many browsers |Allows for multiple users to interact with | | |at the same time using http, by processing |the web page at the same instant. | |and responding to their requests |Increase number of transactions being | | | |processed at the same time | |Commerce Server |Computer that provides a business with |Allows transactions to be completed through | | |web-based programs that disp lay products, |the web. | | |support online ordering, implements a |Enables consumers to receive information | | |shopping cart, record and process payments, |about products.Automates inventory | | |and interface with inventory-management |management | | |applications | | *from MD PowerPoint session 20 10. a) What does the Haverhill order fulfillment center do? b) Describe the information needed at the warehouse to provide fulfillment services. c) Describe the information created or changed/updated during the course of an e-commerce business transaction. a) i. Warehousing ii. Order processing iii. Finding the item ordered iv. Packing order v. Shipping it to the right address b) Fulfillment Service |Information Needed | |Warehousing |Inventory information | | |Warehouse capacity | | |Warehouse organization | | |Suppliers information | |Order Processing |Order Information | | |Item ordered and amount ordered | | |Inventory information (items and quantity) | | |Consumer Informat ion | |Finding the item ordered |Warehouse structure information | | |Item ordered code | |Packing order |Order Information | | |Ending inventory Information | |Shipping order to right address/store |Consumer Information | | |Delivery/Shipping Information | *Vendorseek. com c) i. Costumer Address for delivery ii. Order payment confirmation iii. Consumer Confirmation of order iv. Consumer email contact v. Consumer confirmation of delivery date

Accounting for Business Combination and Ethics Assessment Essay

Early 2011, Yung Limited acquired 75% interest in Chum Limited. This is the first time of Yung Limited preparing the consolidated statement. A few issues regarding to the first consolidated financial statement have been raised up. This report is used to solve the raised issues and explain general principle of consolidation accounting. Before the acquisition, Yung and Chum was a competitor to each other. Their financial statement only reflects their own financial position. Thus, the balance and transaction would state in the financial statement. The reason is that they are viewed as two entities from different aspect. However, after the acquisition, Yung and Chum became a single combined entity as Yung held 75% interest in Chum. It means Yung can direct business decision of Chum according to its preference. This view would be reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Since the consolidated financial statements view Yung and Chum as a single combined entity, the balance due to each other would be eliminated as a result. As Yung and Chum are the single entity, the amount due to Yung is set off by the amount due from Chum. One entity cannot lead money to itself in order to create a liability or asset. See more:Â  Capital budgeting essay As Yung and Chum are a single entity, transactions with each other are just a transfer of assets or liabilities, or a relocation of assets, this would not recognise as a transaction in the consolidated financial statements. Generally, profit margin is added to those transactions. These profit margins would raise book value of assets in the transactions. The common example is inventory and non-current assets. Those profit margins can only be realised in the sales or disposal to external parties. Thus, the consolidated financial statements would eliminate those unrealised profit also. According to the above statement, Yung gets the power of control in the Chum. It means every transaction can be related to Yung and its decision. The relationship between Yung and Chum would be a parent-subsidiary, and not just similar to other associate as investor-investee. Therefore, it is required to show consolidated financial statement of Yung and Chum. The distinction between consolidation and equity basis of accounting is power of control. Generally, if an entity holds more than 50% interest of another entity, the entity is required to consolidate the controlled entity. However, if an entity holds about 20% to 50% interest of another entity, the entity is required to practising the equity basis of accounting. Comparing with the two methods, consolidation basis of accounting would reflect a smaller net income if there are a large amount of inter-company transactions. Equity basis of accounting only show the share of profit in associate as an extra item in the income statement of investor (parent in consolidation). Thus, it would be a greater net income unless there is a net loss in the associate. In conclusion, different methods change the net income. The financial statements for equity basis of accounting are only included the investment in associates as non-current assets, and recorded as cost plus fair value adjustments in the net shares of equity. The consolidated financial statements are the combination of the parent and subsidiaries, and goodwill, excluding inter-company balance and cost of control. Thus, Yung’s financial statements would be greater value in statement of financial position if all investments were consolidated, but smaller value in income statement as there are large amount inter-company transactions between Yung and Chum. Equity basis of accounting could provide a greater asset value to Yung, but a smaller net income to Yung also. Dear Mr. Li, Memo regarding the revenue cut-off problem of Yung Limited According to the recent conference with John Au, President of Yung Limited, he reported that the sales of Yung Limited in 2010 incorrectly included sales in 2011. However, we did not discover this material error by our audit work. This material error overstated the profit of Yung in 2010 by 10%, but understated the profit of Yung in 2011 by the same rate. John Au also mentioned that he prefers to ignore this error because he can get benefit from this error as the understated profit. Ignoring revenue cut-off problem leads to conflicts in ethical and professional. This conflicts with fundamental ethical principles, such as integrity, objectivity and professional behavior. In the integrity aspect, we should not disclose any untrue financial statements. In the objectivity aspect, our professional judgments should not be influenced by reputation of our audit firm and any potential legal sue. In the professional behavior, we should comply with relevant laws and regulations relating to this revenue cut-off problem. The following are some of my recommendation on this revenue cut-off problem. The first recommendation would be reporting to the board of directors directly. This material error should be report the board of directors of Yung Limited. This report could give directors’ chance to decide the treatment of this material error. They could estimate effect of this material error. The second recommendation would be following John Au’s suggestion, ignoring this material error. This could be a way to accommodate our client. The third recommendation would be requiring John Au to correct this material error. This could reflect the true financial position of Yung Limited. The fourth recommendation would be convening an extra-ordinary general meeting with all shareholders of Yung Limited. This EGM could give shareholders opportunity to aware this material error, and understand the potential. Finally, I would recommend asking John Au to correct this material error. Although this correction would make him loss of a bonus, this is a fair treatment to all stakeholders at all. Also, this solution could reflect the professional position of our company.

Part Five Chapter VIII

XIII Sukhvinder had been walking around Pagford longer than Samantha. She had left the Old Vicarage shortly after her mother had told her she must go to work, and since then had been wandering the streets, observing invisible exclusion zones around Church Row, Hope Street and the Square. She had nearly fifty pounds in her pocket, which represented her wages from the cafe and the party, and the razor blade. She had wanted to take her building society pass book, which resided in a little filing cabinet in her father's study, but Vikram had been at his desk. She had waited for a while at the bus stop where you could catch a bus into Yarvil, but then she had spotted Shirley and Lexie Mollison coming down the road, and dived out of sight. Gaia's betrayal had been brutal and unexpected. Pulling Fats Wall †¦ he would drop Krystal now that he had Gaia. Any boy would drop any girl for Gaia, she knew that. But she could not bear to go to work and hear her one ally trying to tell her that Fats was all right, really. Her mobile buzzed. Gaia had already texted her twice. How pissed was I last nite? R u going 2 work? Nothing about Fats Wall. Nothing about snogging Sukhvinder's torturer. The new message said, R u OK? Sukhvinder put the mobile back into her pocket. She might walk towards Yarvil and catch a bus outside town, where nobody would see her. Her parents would not miss her until five thirty, when they expected her home from the cafe. A desperate plan formed as she walked, hot and tired: if she could find a place to stay that cost less than fifty pounds †¦ all she wanted was to be alone and ply her razor blade. She was on the river road with the Orr flowing beside her. If she crossed the bridge, she would be able to take a back street all the way round to the start of the bypass. ‘Robbie! Robbie! Where are you?' It was Krystal Weedon, running up and down the river bank. Fats Wall was smoking, with one hand in his pocket, watching Krystal run. Sukhvinder took a sharp right onto the bridge, terrified that one of them might notice her. Krystal's yells were echoing off the rushing water. Sukhvinder caught sight of something in the river below. Her hands were already on the hot stone ledge before she had thought about what she was doing, and then she had hoisted herself onto the edge of the bridge; she yelled, ‘He's in the river, Krys!' and dropped, feet first, into the water. Her leg was sliced open by a broken computer monitor as she was pulled under by the current. Part Five Chapter VIII VIII Samantha was driven from the spare room at last by her urgent need to pee. She drank cold water from the tap in the bathroom until she felt sick, gulped down two paracetamol from the cabinet over the sink, then took a shower. She dressed without looking at herself in the mirror. Through everything she did, she was alert for some noise that would indicate the whereabouts of Miles, but the house seemed to be silent. Perhaps, she thought, he had taken Lexie out somewhere, away from her drunken, lecherous, cradle-snatching mother †¦ (‘He was in Lexie's class at school!' Miles had spat at her, once they were alone in their bedroom. She had waited for him to move away from the door, then wrenched it back open and run to the spare room.) Nausea and mortification came over her in waves. She wished she could forget, that she had blacked out, but she could still see the boy's face as she launched herself at him †¦ she could remember the feel of his body pressed against her, so skinny, so young †¦ If it had been Vikram Jawanda, there might have been some dignity in it †¦ She had to get coffee. She could not stay in the bathroom for ever. But as she turned to open the door, she saw herself in the mirror, and her courage almost failed. Her face was puffy, her eyes hooded, the lines in her face etched more deeply by pressure and dehydration. Oh God, what must he have thought of me †¦ Miles was sitting in the kitchen when she entered. She did not look at him, but crossed straight to the cupboard where the coffee was. Before she had touched the handle, he said, ‘I've got some here.' ‘Thanks,' she muttered, and poured herself out a mug, avoiding eye contact. ‘I've sent Lexie over to Mum and Dad's,' said Miles. ‘We need to talk.' Samantha sat down at the kitchen table. ‘Go on, then,' she said. ‘Go on – is that all you can say?' ‘You're the one who wants to talk.' ‘Last night,' said Miles, ‘at my father's birthday party, I came to look for you, and I found you snogging a sixteen-year – ‘ ‘Sixteen-year-old, yes,' said Samantha. ‘Legal. One good thing.' He stared at her, appalled. ‘You think this is funny? If you'd found me so drunk that I didn't even realize – ‘ ‘I did realize,' said Samantha. She refused to be Shirley, to cover everything up with a frilly little tablecloth of polite fiction. She wanted to be honest, and she wanted to penetrate that thick coating of complacency through which she no longer recognized a young man she had loved. ‘You did realize – what?' said Miles. He had so plainly expected embarrassment and contrition that she almost laughed. ‘I did realize that I was kissing him,' she said. He stared at her, and her courage seeped away, because she knew what he was going to say next. ‘And if Lexie had walked in?' Samantha had no answer to that. The thought of Lexie knowing what had happened made her want to run away and not come back – and what if the boy told her? They had been at school together. She had forgotten what Pagford was like †¦ ‘What the hell's going on with you?' asked Miles. ‘I'm †¦ unhappy,' said Samantha. ‘Why?' asked Miles, but then he added quickly, ‘Is it the shop? Is it that?' ‘A bit,' said Samantha. ‘But I hate living in Pagford. I hate living on top of your parents. And sometimes,' she said slowly, ‘I hate waking up next to you.' She thought he might get angry, but instead he asked, quite calmly, ‘Are you saying you don't love me any more?' ‘I don't know,' said Samantha. ‘Maybe he'll be the first of many!' yelled Samantha, getting up from the table and slamming her mug down in the sink; the handle came off in her hand. ‘Don't you get it, Miles? I've had enough! I hate our fucking life and I hate your fucking parents – ‘ ‘ – you don't mind them paying for the girls' education – ‘ ‘ – I hate you turning into your father in front of me – ‘ ‘ – absolute bollocks, you just don't like me being happy when you're not – ‘ ‘ – whereas my darling husband doesn't give a shit how I feel – ‘ ‘ – plenty for you to do round here, but you'd rather sit at home and sulk – ‘ ‘ – I don't intend to sit at home any more, Miles – ‘ ‘ – not going to apologize for getting involved with the community – ‘ ‘ – well, I meant what I said – you're not fit to fill his shoes!' ‘What?' he said, and his chair fell over as he jumped to his feet, while Samantha strode to the kitchen door. ‘You heard me,' she shouted. ‘Like my letter said, Miles, you're not fit to fill Barry Fairbrother's shoes. He was sincere.' ‘Your letter?' he said. ‘Yep,' she said breathlessly, with her hand on the doorknob. ‘I sent that letter. Too much to drink one evening, while you were on the phone to your mother. And,' she pulled the door open, ‘I didn't vote for you either.' The look on his face unnerved her. Out in the hall, she slipped on clogs, the first pair of shoes she could find, and was through the front door before he could catch up.

My Last Duchess and La Belle Dame Sans Merci Comparison Essay

My Last Duchess and La Belle Dame Sans Merci are two poems that explore a wide range of power dynamics that result from love. Patriarchal power is a key theme that is explored in these two poems, with conflicting views on each. La Belle Dame sans Merci tells of a sorry tale of how a knight, a typically powerful figure, is cast away by a woman who had no love for him. This theme is almost mirrored in the other poem; however the other poem, My Last Duchess seems to exert a more male perspective, focusing more on patriarchal power. A women to Her Lover, seems to be a blend of the two poetic styles of the previous two poems, as it both states the various patriarchal powers, and then proceeds to tear down these beliefs, and also tear down the conventions which were typically seen as the norm of the day. The title of the poem is typically an indicator of what to expect from the poem, and in what vein it will be written. My Last Duchess is no exception as it immediately gives the reader a sense that the narrator, The Duke, see’s his late wife as a possession. He refers to her with the possessive pronoun ‘My’ to try, it appears; to regain a certain degree of control over her. This wanting of control is further explored when he says that ‘The curtain I have drawn for you,’ which portrays the sense that he feels he is the one who is giving others the right to see his wife. During the Renaissance (a period which Browning based his characters society as) was a time that was largely seen as patriarchal, and so the duke would typically want to conform to this norm. Furthermore, it may be this possessiveness that leads to his jealousy when she is seen as accepting a ‘bough of cherries’ from someone who he regarded as an ‘officious fool’. He also felt that she had a heart which was ‘too soon made glad’ and that it wasn’t only her ‘husband’s presence’ that she appeared to crave. These lines seem to be the Duke commenting on how her rather flirtatious and outgoing nature, not typical of women in that period, displeased him greatly. Furthermore, it seemed that he wanted her to end this affiliation with the other people, and this gave rise to the suspicion that he killed her, to end the constant barrage of seeming embarrassment and discomfort from his wife’s various exploits. In those days there were always certain classed that would always be prejudiced against. Therefore, this incidence could have been regarded as his wife trying to exert some egalitarian power, by making the ‘officious fool’ feel like an equal, and also by riding round on a ‘white mule’, something which was often seen as a past time of the poor, as they could not afford to buy a proper horse. This form of power did not seem to go down well within the constraints of the love relationship. The duke seemed particularly afraid of this form of power as he proceeded to mention the fact that he thought that she felt that she ‘ranked’ his ‘nine-hundred year old name’ with anyone’s ‘gift’. This shows that he feels that the social classes should stand as they are. This is quite ironic, as this is set in the Renaissance period where it was said that people were becoming more scientific and were ready to embrace new ideas. Thi s is at odds with what actually happens in the poem, with the man defecting to the typical view of women being ‘slaves’ to the men, but during a very socially obligated period. As well as this, the poem also manages to explore the power of love itself. This is shown with the infatuation of the widowed husband over the picture, as is demonstrated when the Duke believe that there is ‘depth’ in the painting, and that the women portrayed in the painting still holds some ‘passion’ for him. This could either be the power of the love, or, in fact, the power of the painting. This could, however, represent the actual mentality of the Duke, as he falls in ‘love’ with a painting of a woman who is deceased. This displays the underlying power of the love that had blossomed between these two individuals, and how the power of the painting was so influential that up to this point (in the poem), he still feels the attraction of the painting. However, this is at odds with what he says later on in the poem, written using enjambment to make it a more conversational style, when he talks about how he ‘tamed’ her, and rather uncharacteristically he uses a metaphor, perhaps to inject some frivolity into the proceeding so as to avert any fear of being caught. However, he also mention ‘I gave commands’, perhaps referring to getting her killed, and then he goes on to say that ‘all smiles stopped together’. This form of power could also be regarded as patriarchal power or perhaps more accurately as sheer male strength over the opposite gender. The poetic techniques used are also pivotal to understanding what types of power are being explored. A key feature used in the poem is the iambic pentameter, which is a meter typically associated with a more male poem, due to the stressed single syllable at the end of a line. This is often attributed to the fiercer and fierier poems, which are to be said with an earnest, thus it being seen as a more masculine form of rhyme. As well as this enjambment is used, meaning that all of the lines follow on from each other, giving the poem a more conversational tone. This is quite odd, as the Duke himself comes across as a very contrite kind of person, but this could be due to the Duke trying to appear more powerful in his own home, or estate, meaning hierarchal power is something that is quite high up on his agenda, probably because he feels that hierarchal power is the only way he could have got this relationship. Overall, this poem is mainly based on patriarchal power, and despite the fact that it does include a few instances of other forms of power, such as egalitarian power, patriarchal power seems to take an overbearing role. It is written from the perspective of someone very high up on the social ladder, and thus would include references to this form of power, inherited, or hierarchal power. La Belle Dame sans Merci on the other hand is a poem which almost admits to a person of rather high importance, the knight, being led astray by a woman. This poem is set in the medieval period. Various power dynamics are explored throughout the poem, mainly the various struggles between the desire of the man, and the simple want of pleasure for the woman. The atmosphere is largely controlled by the weather displayed in the poem. This poem first begins by thinking of the power of nature and how this seems to coincide with the mood of the narrator, creating a pathetic fallacy. He is described by the visitor as ‘alone’ and ‘palely loitering’, and to add to the rather sombre starting, the atmosphere is seen as in the winter, where the ‘sedge’ has ‘withered’ away ‘from the lake’. This displays how the rather somber natural world seems to effect on his recovery from his painful loss of his girl. The weather seems to dampen his spirits and this is almost confirmed when it says that ‘no birds sing’, or that there is no sign of happiness. This power is quite strong as it is unavoidable, and can have an effect on his love for the woman as he may ponder on the relationship more. However, this is only one power dynamic that may have an effect on his love for the woman, and his overall love outlook. This power is far less prominent in ‘My Last Duchess’ with the atmosphere merely created through the dramatic monologue. Also, the main atmosphere is created through the ranting of the Duke. A woman’s power over a man is not often accredited, however it is brought to light in this poem with the woman who he (the knight) see’s as a ‘faery’s child’, or in essence a woman with an abundance of beauty. This power of the woman over him may have resulted in him becoming quite ‘haggard’ and ‘woe-begone’ meaning his gradual degrading of state, because of his insistence that ‘she did love’ him, even though he believes she does, although she never explicitly stated those words, and this is backed up later in the poem when he admits she said it in a ‘strange’ ‘language’, which he believed said that she ‘love[d]’ him, even though it was quite plain to see that she did not in fact love him, but was there to be pleasured. This shows that the woman used her power to manipulate what was the result. However, another power that is used to some extent, is matriarchal power, on a more philosophical sense, as the knight imagines the lady wearing a ‘garland’ that could be seen as him trying to believe that the ‘sacred’ woman is still angelic, however, this is contradicted when he describes her as ‘wild’ and that he could only ‘shut her eyes with kisses four’. This shows that he had such an infatuation with his prospective wife that he looked past these slight niggles, as he was blinded by the power of love, which is essentially what under lied all of the events that occurred in the whole poem. The first poem on the other hand instead looks at the woman as someone who should be at the hand of the man to answer to his every need, not someone who should be able to have fun when she wants, and in this poem the woman is allowed to freely go, whereas in the first poem, she comes to an arguably, sinister end. Furthermore, in ‘My Last Duchess’ the woman is not given much power except those that come with the name, and of course her egalitarian power. Apart from this, ‘My Last Duchess’ has few similarities with this poem with regards to the way women are treated; aside from the fact that the knight believes she should be obedient to him. Strangely, it seemed that hierarchal power was of not much importance to the two, as despite the promise of power, the woman still left him ‘alone and palely loitering’. This was also unconventional, rather like most of the events that occurred in this narrative, where the woman didn’t jump at the option of gaining some power, but instead just left him. It seems that the woman was just there for the power of the promise of being made love to, but not hierarchal power. Instead this poem seems to focus only on the aspects of love, unlike the first poem which makes sure that the reader is aware of the hierarchal integrity that is needed. This is at odds with ‘My Last Duchess’ which focuses heavily on how the status brings power to the family, and it is essentially this that makes the Duke so incensed by the bad behavior of his wife. However, this poem doesn’t use the masculine pentameter, instead it has the last two syllables unstressed, which gives the impression of having a much softer, and morose feel to the poem, which is quite suited to the overall theme of the poem. This is in stark contrast to the more conversational, but still fiercer style of the first poem. Conclusively, the power dynamics explored in the first poem are far more diverse, and it appears that there are much more powerful components involved in the rather complex relationship, and it showed the power of the relationship that the man was ready to kill, or silence his wife. This is contrary to the second poem where the knight seems to be rather constrained and polite at all times, and in this case it is the woman who has control over the man, unlike the trends of the time. Overall, the power dynamics behind love in the first poem varies greatly; largely going down to hierarchal power, but the second poem is a relationship of courtly love, which is not based on true unabated love. The third poem is a strange mix of the previous two poems, with both patriarchal and matriarchal poems being discussed. A woman to her lover offers a refreshing insight into the inner workings of a woman’s mind. It begins by listing all the conventions, particularly how males usually dominate society. She openly attacks these conventions, by saying that if he wants to ‘make of [her] a bond slave’ then she simply ‘refuse[s]’ him. This is quite odd, as the poem was written at a time, when everything that she is trying to repress was actually the norm of the day, so it is seen as quite unconventional that a woman is being able to exert so much power of a man, by actively refusing to follow the current conventions of the time. This matriarchal power trying to quell the patriarchal power is evident. This is in stark contrast to ‘My Last Duchess’, where the main forms of power explored are those which are typically more to do with patriarchal powers, in a male dominated society. For example, the Duke feels that she should respect his ‘name’. However, this poem does bear some resemblance to the second poem, in the way that both seem to respect that women do have some power over men, however limited and unconventional it may be. However, this poem is largely egalitarian power, as it largely displays how men and women should be treated as equals, and this is demonstrated when she pleads to her lover, that she wants to be treated as a ‘comrade’, and a ‘friend’. This shows that this woman firmly believed that she was in an equal position to the man, and, despite it being said otherwise in the unwritten law of the land; the woman feels that she should be at the same level as the man. The narrator uses phrases such as ‘o husband’, and ‘I am yours forever’ to try and show that she has submitted to him, and to try and restore some order, with the male again being the more dominant one. This is surprisingly similar to ‘My Last Duchess’ as both women in the poems try to make them equal with the opposite gender, seemingly oblivious to the opposite gender. Another key aspect of this poem is the way in which it is written, such as organization, and poetic techniques. Firstly, it is written using enjambment, creating a more conversational style to the poem. This means that the woman does not appear to be dominating too much, and is, as a result, courting him on equal terms, emphasizing the fact that she feels that it should be a ‘level playing field’ for them. It is also quite clever in the way it manages to make the things that it is trying to crack down on come first and then it brings them down by saying what she would actually like. This is clever because it sticks in the person’s mind, and creates a stronger argument. The technique of enjambment is similar to the first poem, where it manages to create a conversational style so as to appear to converse with the other messenger, while realistically the Duke isn’t very sociable. However, none of these literary techniques are echoed in the second poem, La Belle Dame Sans Merci, which is probably due to the problem of both being written in completely different styles, with one being a more sorrowful poem, and the other being a more commanding and endearing poem. Conclusively, the three poems all share a variety of power dynamics that are all explored. The most common theme was that of which gender was more dominant and which gender was controlled. This was mostly explored in ‘My Last Duchess’ and ‘A woman to her lover’. Inevitably this led on to the topic of equality, and it is in this way that egalitarian power was brought to light. Even ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ explored how the woman and the man were both equal as they could both enter and leave the relationship as they did please. However, poetic techniques were used to further enhance the message of the poem; with all the poems using a different poetic technique to enhance and improve it’s delivery of different love and power dynamics. In the end, the power of love seemed to encompass all the poems, as all three showed how love took control of the.

Molecular Neuro-degeneration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Molecular Neuro-degeneration - Essay Example It is evident that no drug has been discovered that could to completely protect neurons; there are two possible approaches to that may come up with the treatment of AD. One approach involves treatment which prevents the onset of the disease through curbing the primary targets and reducing the subsequent pathologies of the AD. This way, it becomes possible to slow the disease progression and hence prevention to the development of AD (Vradenburg 2013). The second approach involves the symptomatic treatment; an approach whereby the primary and tertiary symptoms of the AD are declined. Through this approach, reflection to the current state of treatment including the usual treatment the cognitive impairment, the decline in global function, deteriorating performance of activities of daily living and behavioral change ( Perry 2013). When searching for the appropriate treatment strategies, scientists concentrate on the severity of the disease and also the specificity of each individual. Currently the available therapeutic agents are the main target to specific symptoms of the AD; the agents such as cholinesterase inhibitors involved in the enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission and also the inhibiting of acetylcholine degradation within the synapse are the Alzheimer’s disease main treatment (Vradenburg 2013). Going by the report on the role of the involvement of PI3 kinase signaling in AÃŽ ²-induced memory loss in Drosophila, the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway regulation in AÃŽ ² oligomer neuronal cell cycle process and Amyloid-b Interruption of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway involvement in brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced arc expression in rat scientists can improve theirs unleash a further superior drug to completely heal the Alzheimer’s disease (Perry 2013). One of the hindrances to the progress of other researchers on AD have been due to the fact that most drugs developed show general success in animal specimens but when testing them to human beings, they become less responsive, Therefore, it is safe to say that this project is still in its infancy and further studies have to be carried out but in the long run a solution will be arrived upon.

Econs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econs - Assignment Example This is due to stagnancyin the market space and increase in potential purchasing stores. The number of customers will remain constant while the number of stores increases resorting to increased competition among the traders. The profit obtained by the craft brewing industry will tend to reduce. This is because the store owners will tend to lower their prices to attract more customers and in turn lower their turnover. Most of the turnover will be divided among the different grocery store shelves. First, the breweries can manufacture different sized bottles. This will make the customers have a wide range of drinks which suite their needs at specific times. Secondly, the craft breweries could manufacture drinks available in different forms like powdered and liquid. This is because some customers may intend to purchase for use at that specified time or for a later use. When manufactured in powdered form, it can easily be store for future use by the customer. This will help target all customers and differentiate the craft breweries. Thirdly, the craft breweries could manufacture brands of different flavors. This would help break the usual sequence of a specified drink in the market and increase the sales as consumers will tend to try the new flavors. This would in turn help differentiate the craft breweries from each